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新修订的行政处罚法有哪些涉税要点?一起来了解一下吧!
2021.08.26

Part 1:明确“首违不罚”,为税务的首违不罚制度提供了法律基础

2020年8月1日,《长江三角洲区域税务轻微违法行为“首违不罚”清单》开始实施;2021年4月1日,全国《税务行政处罚“首违不罚”事项清单》开始实施,对清单中列举的税务违法行为实施“首违不罚”。

新行政处罚法第三十三条第一款中规定:“初次违法且危害后果轻微并及时改正的,可以不予行政处罚”。首违不罚制度体现了税务机关惩教结合、包容审慎的监管理念,新行政处罚法也是在法律层面进行了明确,为税务的首违不罚制度提供了法律基础。

Part 2:明确无主观过错纳税人不予行政处罚,为无主观过错的纳税人免受处罚提供了法律保障

《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》第六十三条对于偷税的定义中,并没有关于纳税人是否存在主观故意的论述,税务机关对于纳税人偷税的定性往往成为征纳双方争议的焦点。对于主观过错是否成为各类税务行政违法行为的构成要件这一问题,始终没有明确的法律规定予以解答。

新行政处罚法第三十三条第二款规定:“当事人有证据足以证明没有主观过错的,不予行政处罚。法律、行政法规另有规定的,从其规定。”根据该规定,对行政违法行为予以行政处罚,原则上以当事人存在主观过错为要件。这实际上对税务行政违法行为的构成须具备主观过错要件予以了明确,为无主观过错的纳税人免受处罚提供了法律保障。

Part 3:当事人提出要求听证的时间由“三日”改为“五日”,进一步保障行政相对人的听证权利

新行政处罚法对行政处罚听证制度进行了完善,将听证申请的时限由现行的3天延长至5天,此举能更大程度上避免行政相对人错失听证机会,进一步保障了行政相对人的听证权利。

新行政处罚法第六十四条第(一)项规定,当事人要求听证的,应当在行政机关告知后五日内提出。

Part 4:简易程序中当场作出处罚决定的金额大幅提高,更加符合社会发展程度及基层执法需要

新行政处罚法将执法部门当场作出行政处罚的金额由原来的50元、2000元提升到了200元、3000元,更加符合社会发展程度及基层执法需要。

新行政处罚法第五十一条规定,违法事实确凿并有法定依据,对公民处以二百元以下、对法人或者其他组织处以三千元以下罚款或者警告的行政处罚的,可以当场作出行政处罚决定。法律另有规定的,从其规定。

Part 5:对构成犯罪已判处罚金的违法行为明确不再罚款,税务机关与司法机关的行刑衔接更加顺畅

新行政处罚法将行刑衔接问题加以明确,税务机关对涉嫌犯罪的税务案件应当及时移送司法机关,依法追究刑事责任。司法机关对依法不需要追究刑事责任或者免予刑事处罚,但应当给予行政处罚的,应当及时将案件移送税务机关。

新行政处罚法第三十五条第二款规定,违法行为构成犯罪,人民法院判处罚金时,行政机关已经给予当事人罚款的,应当折抵相应罚金;行政机关尚未给予当事人罚款的,不再给予罚款。

Part 6:进一步明确了“择一从重”处罚原则,上升到法律层面

“择一从重”的处罚原则与《国家税务总局关于发布<税务行政处罚裁量权行使规则>的公告》(国家税务总局公告2016年第78号)第十三条的规定“当事人同一个税收违法行为违反不同行政处罚规定且均应处以罚款的,应当选择适用处罚较重的条款。”是一致的,只不过现在上升到了法律的层面。

新行政处罚法第二十九条规定,同一个违法行为违反多个法律规范应当给予罚款处罚的,按照罚款数额高的规定处罚。

来源:上海税务

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