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增值税加计抵减额应计入利润总额!
2021.01.07

不少企业已经开始为办理2020年度企业所得税汇算清缴做准备。在此提醒大家,按照现行规定,增值税加计抵减额应计入会计利润总额,进而计入企业所得税年应纳税所得额。相关企业应注意这一政策细节,合规进行税务处理,并提前做好规划,避免税务风险。

案例:享受加计抵减导致“超标”

税务人员在纳税辅导中发现,某企业2019年度增值税加计抵减额为136628.86元,但未计入企业所得税应纳税所得额。该企业2019年度汇算清缴申报年应纳税所得额为2964842.04元,享受了小型微利企业所得税优惠,缴纳企业所得税1000000×5%+(2964842.04-1000000)×10%=246484.20(元)。税务人员根据规定将136628.86元增值税加计抵减额计入会计利润总额后,该公司企业所得税应纳税所得额变为3101470.90元,超过了300万元的标准,不再符合小型微利企业条件。不考虑高新技术企业、西部大开发等税收优惠政策,根据规定,该公司应缴纳企业所得税为3101470.90×25%=775367.73(元),补缴企业所得税775367.73-246484.20=528883.53(元),并缴纳了相应的滞纳金。

分析:加计抵减额未计入利润总额

财政部会计司《关于〈关于深化增值税改革有关政策的公告〉适用〈增值税会计处理规定〉有关问题的解读》中规定,生产、生活性服务业纳税人取得资产或接受劳务时,应当按照《增值税会计处理规定》的相关规定,对增值税相关业务进行会计处理;实际缴纳增值税时,按应纳税额借记“应交税费—未交增值税”等科目,按实际纳税金额贷记“银行存款”科目,按加计抵减的金额贷记“其他收益”科目。据此,企业增值税加计抵减额应记入“其他收益”贷方,计入企业的利润总额。

《国家税务总局关于修订企业所得税年度纳税申报表有关问题的公告》(国家税务总局公告2019年第41号)也明确了《企业所得税年度纳税申报表》主表的填报说明,其中规定,主表中的“利润总额”包括“其他收益”。同时,增值税加计抵减额既不符合免税收入条件,也不符合不征税收入条件,应计入企业的应纳税所得额,计算缴纳企业所得税。

建议:提前考量,做好合规税务安排

实务中,一些企业享受了增值税加计抵减优惠后,未按照规定进行后续的会计处理和税务处理,很容易给自身埋下风险隐患。

按照《财政部 税务总局关于实施小微企业普惠性税收减免政策的通知》(财税〔2019〕13号)规定,小型微利企业年应纳税所得额不超过100万元的部分,按照实际5%税率计算缴纳企业所得税,应纳税所得额超过100万元不超过300万元的部分,按照实际10%税率计算缴纳企业所得税。企业要享受这一优惠,须从事国家非限制和禁止行业,且同时符合年度应纳税所得额不超过300万元、从业人数不超过300人、资产总额不超过5000万元这三个条件。对年纳税所得额处于临界点的小型微利企业来说,若增值税加计抵减额计入年度应纳税所得额,很有可能导致企业超过小型微利企业标准,将不能适用小型微利企业所得税优惠。笔者在实践中发现,一些企业却忽视了这一细节,给自身带来损失。如上例,该企业享受增值税加计抵减优惠政策,少缴纳了增值税13万余元,但却因此多缴了企业所得税52万余元,得不偿失。

《财政部 税务总局 海关总署关于深化增值税改革有关政策的公告》(财政部 税务总局 海关总署公告2019年第39号)第七条第一款规定,纳税人确定适用加计抵减政策后,当年内不再调整,以后年度是否适用,根据上年度销售额计算确定。因此,企业在确定享受增值税加计抵减政策时,应综合考量企业所得税等因素,提前规划,避免税务风险。

来源:中国税务报

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